Add lexer: Tokenize function with full test coverage

Implements lexer.Tokenize(input string) ([]token.Token, error)
- Skips whitespace
- Parses integer and decimal numbers (including leading dot e.g. .5)
- Handles all operators: + - * /
- Handles parentheses: ( )
- Appends EOF token
- Returns error on invalid characters with position info
- 12 unit tests covering: empty, whitespace-only, integers, decimals,
  leading-dot numbers, operators, parens, full expressions, no-space
  expressions, invalid chars, multiple decimals (1.2.3)
diff --git a/lexer/lexer_test.go b/lexer/lexer_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94a1627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lexer/lexer_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+package lexer
+
+import (
+	"matheval/token"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestTokenizeEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	tokens, err := Tokenize("")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(tokens) != 1 || tokens[0].Type != token.EOF {
+		t.Fatalf("expected single EOF token, got %v", tokens)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTokenizeWhitespaceOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	tokens, err := Tokenize("   \t\n  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(tokens) != 1 || tokens[0].Type != token.EOF {
+		t.Fatalf("expected single EOF token, got %v", tokens)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTokenizeSingleNumber(t *testing.T) {
+	tokens, err := Tokenize("42")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	expect := []token.Token{
+		{Type: token.Number, Literal: "42", Pos: 0},
+		{Type: token.EOF, Literal: "", Pos: 2},
+	}
+	assertTokens(t, expect, tokens)
+}
+
+func TestTokenizeDecimalNumber(t *testing.T) {
+	tokens, err := Tokenize("3.14")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	expect := []token.Token{
+		{Type: token.Number, Literal: "3.14", Pos: 0},
+		{Type: token.EOF, Literal: "", Pos: 4},
+	}
+	assertTokens(t, expect, tokens)
+}
+
+func TestTokenizeLeadingDotNumber(t *testing.T) {
+	tokens, err := Tokenize(".5")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	expect := []token.Token{
+		{Type: token.Number, Literal: ".5", Pos: 0},
+		{Type: token.EOF, Literal: "", Pos: 2},
+	}
+	assertTokens(t, expect, tokens)
+}
+
+func TestTokenizeOperators(t *testing.T) {
+	tokens, err := Tokenize("+-*/")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	expect := []token.Token{
+		{Type: token.Plus, Literal: "+", Pos: 0},
+		{Type: token.Minus, Literal: "-", Pos: 1},
+		{Type: token.Star, Literal: "*", Pos: 2},
+		{Type: token.Slash, Literal: "/", Pos: 3},
+		{Type: token.EOF, Literal: "", Pos: 4},
+	}
+	assertTokens(t, expect, tokens)
+}
+
+func TestTokenizeParens(t *testing.T) {
+	tokens, err := Tokenize("()")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	expect := []token.Token{
+		{Type: token.LParen, Literal: "(", Pos: 0},
+		{Type: token.RParen, Literal: ")", Pos: 1},
+		{Type: token.EOF, Literal: "", Pos: 2},
+	}
+	assertTokens(t, expect, tokens)
+}
+
+func TestTokenizeFullExpression(t *testing.T) {
+	tokens, err := Tokenize("(1 + 2.5) * 3")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	expect := []token.Token{
+		{Type: token.LParen, Literal: "(", Pos: 0},
+		{Type: token.Number, Literal: "1", Pos: 1},
+		{Type: token.Plus, Literal: "+", Pos: 3},
+		{Type: token.Number, Literal: "2.5", Pos: 5},
+		{Type: token.RParen, Literal: ")", Pos: 8},
+		{Type: token.Star, Literal: "*", Pos: 10},
+		{Type: token.Number, Literal: "3", Pos: 12},
+		{Type: token.EOF, Literal: "", Pos: 13},
+	}
+	assertTokens(t, expect, tokens)
+}
+
+func TestTokenizeNoSpaces(t *testing.T) {
+	tokens, err := Tokenize("1+2")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	expect := []token.Token{
+		{Type: token.Number, Literal: "1", Pos: 0},
+		{Type: token.Plus, Literal: "+", Pos: 1},
+		{Type: token.Number, Literal: "2", Pos: 2},
+		{Type: token.EOF, Literal: "", Pos: 3},
+	}
+	assertTokens(t, expect, tokens)
+}
+
+func TestTokenizeInvalidCharacter(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := Tokenize("1 + @")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for invalid character")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTokenizeMultipleInvalidCharacters(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := Tokenize("1 & 2")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for invalid character")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTokenizeMultipleDecimals(t *testing.T) {
+	// "1.2.3" — the lexer should read "1.2" as a number, then ".3" as another number
+	tokens, err := Tokenize("1.2.3")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	expect := []token.Token{
+		{Type: token.Number, Literal: "1.2", Pos: 0},
+		{Type: token.Number, Literal: ".3", Pos: 3},
+		{Type: token.EOF, Literal: "", Pos: 5},
+	}
+	assertTokens(t, expect, tokens)
+}
+
+// assertTokens is a test helper that compares two token slices.
+func assertTokens(t *testing.T, want, got []token.Token) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(want) != len(got) {
+		t.Fatalf("token count: want %d, got %d\nwant: %v\ngot:  %v", len(want), len(got), want, got)
+	}
+	for i := range want {
+		if want[i].Type != got[i].Type {
+			t.Errorf("token[%d].Type: want %v, got %v", i, want[i].Type, got[i].Type)
+		}
+		if want[i].Literal != got[i].Literal {
+			t.Errorf("token[%d].Literal: want %q, got %q", i, want[i].Literal, got[i].Literal)
+		}
+		if want[i].Pos != got[i].Pos {
+			t.Errorf("token[%d].Pos: want %d, got %d", i, want[i].Pos, got[i].Pos)
+		}
+	}
+}